SKYSPIN
OPERATING SYSTEM OVERVIEW
An
Operating System (OS) is an interface between a computer user and
computer hardware. An operating system is a software which performs all
the basic tasks like file management, memory management, process
management, handling input and output, and controlling peripheral
devices such as disk drives and printers.
Some popular Operating Systems include Linux Operating System, Windows Operating System, VMS, OS/400, AIX, z/OS, etc.
Definition
An
operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the
user and the computer hardware and controls the execution of all kinds
of programs.
Following are some of important functions of an operating System.
- Memory Management
- Processor Management
- Device Management
- File Management
- Security
- Control over system performance
- Job accounting
- Error detecting aids
- Coordination between other software and users
Memory Management
Memory
management refers to management of Primary Memory or Main Memory. Main
memory is a large array of words or bytes where each word or byte has
its own address.
Main
memory provides a fast storage that can be accessed directly by the
CPU. For a program to be executed, it must in the main memory. An
Operating System does the following activities for memory management −
- Keeps tracks of primary memory, i.e., what part of it are in use by whom, what part are not in use.
- In multiprogramming, the OS decides which process will get memory when and how much.
- Allocates the memory when a process requests it to do so.
- De-allocates the memory when a process no longer needs it or has been terminated.
Processor Management
In
multiprogramming environment, the OS decides which process gets the
processor when and for how much time. This function is called process scheduling. An Operating System does the following activities for processor management −
- Keeps tracks of processor and status of process. The program responsible for this task is known as traffic controller.
- Allocates the processor (CPU) to a process.
- De-allocates processor when a process is no longer required.
Device Management
An
Operating System manages device communication via their respective
drivers. It does the following activities for device management −
- Keeps tracks of all devices. Program responsible for this task is known as the I/O controller.
- Decides which process gets the device when and for how much time.
- Allocates the device in the efficient way.
- De-allocates devices.
File Management
A
file system is normally organized into directories for easy navigation
and usage. These directories may contain files and other directions.
An Operating System does the following activities for file management −
- Keeps track of information, location, uses, status etc. The collective facilities are often known as file system.
- Decides who gets the resources.
- Allocates the resources.
- De-allocates the resources.
Other Important Activities
Following are some of the important activities that an Operating System performs −
- Security − By means of password and similar other techniques, it prevents unauthorized access to programs and data.
- Control over system performance − Recording delays between request for a service and response from the system.
- Job accounting − Keeping track of time and resources used by various jobs and users.
- Error detecting aids − Production of dumps, traces, error messages, and other debugging and error detecting aids.
- Coordination between other softwares and users − Coordination and assignment of compilers, interpreters, assemblers and other software to the various users of the computer systems.
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